ON THE EQUIVALENCE OF IMPORT TARIFF AND QUOTA: THE CASE OF RICE IMPORT IN TAIWAN

This paper extends the existing theory on the equivalence of import tariff and quota. If the equivalence is defined on the domestic price level (weak equivalence), then either the zero conjectural variation for domestic country or a perfectly competitive market will be sufficient to support this equivalence. If the equivalence is defined both on the same domestic price level as well as tariff rate (strong equivalence), then the conditions are that either domestic country acts as a Cournot competitor and foreign country is a price taker, or both domestic and foreign country are price takers. An empirical spatial-equilibrium trade model is constructed to simulate the impacts of import tariff and quota. Using Taiwan¡¦s rice import as an example, the empirical results show that if Taiwan switches from the quota system to tariff system, the domestic rice price as well as total social welfare can be increased given the same import volume.International Relations/Trade,

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH-LOW IMPACT AEROBIC DANCE AND STEP AEROBICS

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics and kinetics both in high-Iow impact aerobic dance and step aerobics. Six female subjects performed front knee lift movements under high-Iow impact aerobics and two-step heights (10, 20 cm) in step aerobics. One Peak high-speed camera (120 Hz) and one Kistler force plate (600 Hz) were synchronized to collect the data. An ANOVA for repeated measures was used to identify differences for each dependent variable. The result indicated that it is important to flex at the knee and ankle joints in order to absorb and reduce the shock in the landing phase. When compared to the low impact front knee lift, high impact front knee lift and two-step heights of step aerobics had significant shorter time to first peak impact force and higher values for first peak impact force, passive impact impulse, and total work

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS DURING COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS

This study was to examine the biomechanical characteristics of children and adults during countermovement jump. Seven children and seven adult males were recruited to the study. A Peak high-speed camera (120Hz) synchronized with a force plate (600Hz) were used to record vertical jumping action. The kinetic parameters were calculated by using inverse dynamic method. Results showed that the children had both immature joint function prior to propulsion and inadequate knee and ankle joints function during propulsion. It is concluded that a lack of form in jumping strategy was performed during vertical jumpings in the children's group in terms of the kinetic methods was performed. This information may be used in following studies about countermovement jump, avoiding some important information needed only by kinematic analysis, it will be more complete to apply kinetic analysis for children movement researches